Mountain Lake
Biological Station
ArcView Project Metadata Report
 

Virginia Tech University
Fish & Wildlife
Information Exchange

Laura DeLarche,
Undergraduate GIS Assistant
 
 
Project Description
Project Views List
Theme Properties
Source File Metadata


Project Description

The ArcView project file was created for the University of Virginia's Mountain Lake Biological Station (MLBS) as a means to analyze their species data within a spatial context.  This project served as an Independent Study course in Geographic Information Systems, and involved the synthesis of available data produced in several file formats, mapping scales, and geographic referencing systems.  The following report outlines the structure of the ArcView project file, with brief descriptions of each theme, and information concerning data collection and manipulation procedures.  Much of the raw data was obtained from internet web sites, and links to these locations have been provided in the Source File Metadata section of the report. GIS software used in developing the project themes included TNTmips v5.9, Arc/Info v7.1, ArcView GIS v3.1 with Spatial Analyst v1.1.


Project Views List


Project Themes List

Elevation & Contours View

GPS Fixes View

GWJ National Forest View

Landcover View

Physical Features View

Satellite Images View

  • County Boundaries
  • Forest Road System
  • Landsat False-Color
  • Landsat Natural-Color
  • MLBS
  • Populated Places (1995)
  • Spot Panchromatic
  • Study Area
  • Slope, Aspect, Hillshade View

    Survey Plat Map View

    Watershed View


    Theme Properties

    The following briefly describes each of the project themes listed above.  Existing legend files may be redisplayed using the Edit Legend-Load menu, and the source file directory pathname for an active theme may be determined with the Theme-Properties menu.

    Administrative Boundaries Theme

    Description: This theme displays the National Forest administrative boundaries for Virginia and West Virginia.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: gwj_admin.avl
    Source File: gwj_admin.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service


    Appalachian Trail Areas Theme

    Description: This theme displays Forest Service management areas adjacent to the Appalachian Trail.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: jf_at.avl
    Source File: Jf_at.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service


    Aspect - N NE E SE S SW W NW Theme

    Description: This theme displays downhill slope azimuth in eight named directions.
    Legend File: aspect_nme8.avl
    Source File: mlbs_aspect
    History:  Aspect


    Aspect - N S E W Theme

    Description: This theme displays downhill slope azimuth in four cardinal directions.
    Legend File: aspect_card4.avl
    Source File: mlbs_aspect
    History:  Aspect


    Aspect - NE SE SW NW Theme

    Description: This theme displays downhill slope azimuth in four named directions.
    Legend File: aspect_nme4.avl
    Source File: mlbs_aspect
    History:  Aspect


    Blacksburg Ranger District Theme

    Description: This theme displays National Forest surface land ownership for the Blacksburg Ranger District.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: fs_bl_own.avl
    Source File: fs_bl_own.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service


    Contours at 100m Theme

    Description: This theme displays elevation contours at 100 meter intervals.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File: 100mcontours.avl
    Source File: ctour1.shp
    History:  Elevation Contours


    Contours at 20m Theme

    Description: This theme displays elevation contours for the study area at 20 meter intervals.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File: 20mcontours.avl
    Source File: ctour1.shp
    History:  Elevation Contours


    County Boundaries Theme

    Description: This theme displays the boundaries for Craig, Giles, and Montgomery Counties in Virginia and Monroe County in West Virginia.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: cty.avl, cty2.avl
    Source File:  cty.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau
    Drainage Basins Theme
    Description:  This theme displays drainage basins, or areas of flow draining to a single outlet at the study boundary.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: basin.avl
    Source File: basinsclip.shp
    History:   Basins


    Drainage Divides Theme

    Description: This theme displays the watershed boundaries as drainage divides.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: ddivides.avl
    Source File: watersheds.shp
    History: Watershed


    Elevation at 100m Theme

    Description: This theme displays the elevation grid at 100 meter intervals.
    Legend File: 100mDEM.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_elev
    History:  Depressionless Elevation


    Elevation at 20m Theme

    Description: This theme displays the elevation grid at 20 meter intervals.
    Legend File: 20mDEM.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_elev
    History:  Depressionless Elevation


    Elevation at 5m Theme

    Description: This theme displays the elevation grid at 5 meter intervals.
    Legend File: 5mDEM.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_elev
    History:  Depressionless Elevation


    Forest Road System Theme

    Description: This theme displays the network of state, private, city/town, and other roads utilized by the Forest Service.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File: bl_roads.avl, bl_roads2.avl
    Source File: bl_roads.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service
    GPS Fixes Map 1 Theme
    Description: This theme displays feature locations derived from the latitude/longitude fields in GPSFixes1.xls
    Feature Type: point
    Legend File: Gpsfix.avl
    Source File: Gpsfix1.shp
    History:  GPS Points


    GPS Fixes Map 2 Theme

    Description: This theme displays feature locations derived from the latitude/longitude fields in GPSFixes2.xls
    Feature Type: point
    Legend File: Gpsfix.avl
    Source File: Gpsfix2.shp
    History:   MLBS GPS Points


    GPS Fixes Map 3 Theme

    Description: This theme displays feature locations derived from the latitude/longitude fields in GPSFixes3.xls
    Feature Type: point
    Legend File: Gpsfix.avl
    Source File: Gpsfix3.shp
    History:    GPS Points


    GPS Fixes Map 4 Theme

    Description: This theme displays feature locations derived from the latitude/longitude fields in GPSFixes4.xls
    Feature Type: point
    Legend File: Gpsfix.avl
    Source File: Gpsfix4.shp
    History:   GPS Points
    Ground Control Points Theme
    Description: This theme displays GPS points collected at the Mountain Lake Biological Station.
    Feature Type: point
    Legend File:  points.avl
    Source File: points.shp
    History:   FWIE GCP's


    Hillshaded Slope Theme

    Description: This theme displays the Slope at 1 degree theme using brightness values from the Hillshading 8 theme.
    Legend File: 1dslope.avl, hillshade.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_shading
    History:   Hillshade and  Slope


    Hillshaded Elevation Theme

    Description: This theme displays the Elevation at 5m theme using brightness values from the Hillshading 8 theme.
    Legend File: hillelev.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_shading
    History:   Hillshade and Depressionless Elevation


    Hillshading 8 Theme

    Description: This theme displays topographic relief with hypothetical sun illumination at 45 degrees and a 50 degree sun elevation above the horizon.  The 8-bit hillshading grid was used to display this theme.
    Legend File: hillshade.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_shading
    History:   Hillshade


    Hillshading 16 Theme

    Description: This theme displays topographic relief with hypothetical sun illumination at 45 degrees and a 50 degree sun elevation above the horizon.  The16-bit hillshading grid was used to display this theme.
    Legend File: hillshade.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_shade16
    History:   Hillshade


    Indexed Contours Theme

    Description:  This theme displays a 100m index of the elevation contours for the depressionless elevation grid.
    Feature Type:  line
    Legend File:  contours_index.avl
    Source File:  ctour1.shp
    History:  Elevation Contours


    Old Growth Areas Theme

    Description: This theme displays the National Forest old growth management areas.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: bl_ogi.avl
    Source File: bl_ogi.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service


    Landcover Classes Theme

    Description: This theme displays the nine categories of the landcover classification grid.
    Legend File: landcover.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_landcov
    History:  Landcover Classification


    Land & Water Outlines Theme

    Description: This theme displays the areas of land surface and bodies of water.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File:  wat.avl
    Source File:  wat.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    Landmark Areas Theme

    Description: This theme displays landmarks areas of Newport and White Rocks Recreation Areas.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File:  lan.avl
    Source File:  lan.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    Landmarks Theme

    Description: This theme displays the location of landmarks, including the Mountain Lake Biological Station.
    Feature Type: point
    Legend File:  ltp.avl
    Source File:  ltp.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    Landsat False-Color Theme

    Description: This theme displays the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scene in a false-color composite using bands 2 (blue), 3 (green), and 4 (red).
    Legend File: none
    Source File: Mlbs_landsat.lan
    History:   Landsat TM Scene


    Landsat Natural-Color Theme

    Description:  This theme displays the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scene in a natural-color composite using bands 1 (blue), 2 (green), and 3 (red).
    Legend File: none
    Source File: Mlbs_landsat.lan
    History:   Landsat TM Scene
    MLBS Theme
    Description: This theme displays the location of the Mountain Lake Biological Station.
    Feature Type:  point
    Legend File: station.avl
    Source File: station.shp
    History:  Station Location
    Named Trail System Theme
    Description: This theme displays named trail systems within National Forest boundaries.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File: bl_trails_name.avl
    Source File: bl_trails.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service


    Plat Map Annotation Theme

    Description: This theme displays text features of the MLBS topographic survey plat map.
    Feature Type: annotation
    Legend File: none
    Source File: Mlbsstru.dwg
    History:  MLBS Topographic Survey


    Plat Map Lines Theme

    Description: This theme displays line features of the MLBS topographic survey plat map.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File: none
    Source File: Mlbsstru.dwg
    History:  MLBS Topographic Survey


    Plat Map Points Theme

    Description: This theme displays point features of the MLBS topographic survey plat map.
    Feature Type: point
    Legend File: none
    Source File: Mlbsstru.dwg
    History:  MLBS Topographic Survey


    Plat Map Polygons Theme

    Description: This theme displays the polygon features of the MLBS topographic survey plat map.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: none
    Source File: Mlbsstru.dwg
    History:  MLBS Topographic Survey


    Populated Places (1995) Theme

    Description: This theme displays the areas of Blacksburg, Pearisburg, and Pembroke in Virginia.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File:  pla.avl
    Source File:  pla.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    Railroads Theme

    Description: This theme displays the Norfolk & Southern Railway and other unnamed railroads.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File:  lnb.avl
    Source File:  lnb.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    Ranger District Boundaries Theme

    Description: This theme displays National Forest boundaries for the Blacksburg Ranger District.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: jf_distbound.avl
    Source File: jf_distbound.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service


    Ridge Lines Theme

    Description:   This theme displays the drainage basin boundaries as ridge lines, or topographic highs.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: ridgelines.avl
    Source File:  basinsclip.shp
    History:   Basins
    Ridgelines & Fences Theme
    Description: This theme displays Peter's Mountain Ridge in West Virginia.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File:  lne.avl
    Source File:  lne.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    Roadless Areas Theme

    Description: This theme displays roadless areas within the Jefferson National Forest.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: jf_rdl_bl.avl
    Source File: jf_rdl_bl.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service


    Slope at 1 degrees Theme

    Description: This theme displays the rate of change in elevation by 1-degree intervals.
    Legend File: 1dslope.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_slope
    History:   Slope


    Slope at 10 degrees Theme

    Description: This theme displays the rate of change in elevation by 10-degree intervals.
    Legend File: 10dslope.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_slope
    History:   Slope


    Slope at 22.5 degrees Theme

    Description: This theme displays the rate of change in elevation by 22.5-degree intervals.
    Legend File: 22dslope.avl
    Source File: Mlbs_slope
    History:   Slope


    SPOT Panchromatic Theme

    Description: This theme displays the 10m resolution SPOT panchromatic scene.
    Legend File: none
    Source File: Mlbs_spot.gis
    History:   SPOT PN Scene


    Stream Network Theme

    Description: This theme displays a stream network derived from accumulated flow in the elevation raster.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File: strmnet.avl
    Source File: strmnet.shp
    History:  Streamnet


    Streams Theme

    Description: This theme displays intermittent and perennial streams and rivers.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File:  lnh.avl, lnh2.avl
    Source File:  lnh.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    Streets Theme

    Description: This theme displays the transportation network of primary, secondary, and local roads.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File:  str.avl
    Source File:  str.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    Study Area Theme

    Description: This theme displays the data limits for the Mountain Lake Biological Station ArcView project.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: studyarea.avl, studyarea2.avl
    Source File: studyarea_clip.shp
    History:   Study Area Boundary


    Surface Ownership Theme

    Description: This theme displays private surface land ownership with in National Forest boundaries.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: Gwj_surfown.avl
    Source File: Gwj_surfown.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service


    7.5min Topo Quads Theme

    Description: This theme displays the 7.5 minute topographic quad sheets that contain National Forest lands.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: bl_quads.avl
    Source File: jf_quads_bl.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service


    Trail System Theme

    Description: This theme displays the network of trails within the National Forest boundaries.
    Feature Type: line
    Legend File: bl_trails.avl
    Source File: bl_trails.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service


    Urban & Rural Outlines Theme

    Description: This theme displays areas of rural and urban population densities.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File:  urb.avl
    Source File:  urb.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    Utility Lines Theme

    Description: This theme displays the locations of utility lines.
    Feature Type:  line
    Legend File:  lnc.avl
    Source File:  lnc.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    USGS Salt Pond BM Theme

    Description: This theme displays the location of the USGS Salt Pond benchmark.
    Feature Type: point
    Legend File: saltpondbm.avl
    Source File: saltpond_bm.shp
    History:   U.S. Geological Survey


    Waterbodies Theme

    Description: This theme displays land surface and bodies of water.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File:  wbd.avl
    Source File:  wbd.shp
    History:  U.S. Census Bureau


    Watershed Theme

    Description: This theme displays areas that drain to a given location, such as a stream, river, or body of water.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: watersheds.avl
    Source File: watersheds.shp
    History:   Watershed


    Wilderness Areas Theme

    Description: This theme displays National Forest wilderness management areas.
    Feature Type: polygon
    Legend File: jf_wild.avl
    Source File:  jf_wild_bl.shp
    History:  U.S. Forest Service



    Source File Metadata

    The following outlines the steps of data collection and manipulation in developing the above ArcView themes.

    Aspect

    File Name: Mlbs_aspect16
    Data Type: raster
    File Format: Arc/Info GRID
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: NGVD 1929
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The aspect map was derived from the depressionless elevation raster using the TNTmips Aspect process, then exported from TNTmips as a 16-bit unsigned raster in ERDAS format.  The file was imported into ArcView as image data with the ERDAS Image Support extension, and then converted to Arc/Info GRID format using the Spatial Analyst extension.
    Additional Files: none

    Basins

    File Name: basinsclip.shp
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type: polygon
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The basins map was derived from the depressionless elevation raster in Arc/Info GRID using the output grid of the FLOWDIR function as input to the BASIN function.  The basins grid was converted to a polygon coverage with the GRIDPOLY command, then converted to shapefile format within ArcView.
    Additional Files: mlbs/grids/mlbs_flowdir, mlbs/grids/mlbs_basins

    Depressionless Elevation

    File Name: Mlbs_elev
    Data Type:  raster
    File Format: Arc/Info GRID
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: NGVD 1929
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The 7.5 minute quadrangles designated for the MLBS study area were Eggleston (VA), Interior (VA), Lindside (WV), Newport (VA), Pearisburg (VA), and Waiteville (WV).  The six compressed and archived 1:24000 USGS Digital Elevation Model (DEM) quadrangles were transferred via modem in Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) format from the U.S. Geological Survey website at http://edcftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/data/DEM/7.5min.  The SDTS files were expanded using WinZip32 and converted to DEM format with the stds2dem utility. The DEM files were imported into TNTmips and combined into a single raster with the TNTmips Mosaic process and the bilinear interpolation method of resampling. Missing data in the mosaicked raster was corrected using an SML script that identified "empty" cells and replaced their values with an unweighted average of the eight cell neighborhood.  A depressionless elevation raster was created from the corrected mosaic using the TNTmips Watershed process, then exported as an 8-bit unsigned raster in ERDAS format. The ERDAS file was imported into ArcView as image data using the ERDAS Image Support extension, then converted to Arc/Info GRID format using the Spatial Analyst extension.
    Additional Files: none

    Elevation Contours

    File Name: 20mcontours.shp
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type: line
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: NGVD 1929
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The elevation contours map was derived in ArcView from the depressionless elevation grid using the Spatial Analyst extension.
    Additional Files: none
    FWIE GCP's
    File Name: points.shp
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type: point
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History: The ground control points were collected in-field at the Mountain Lake Biological Station with a handheld Trimble GPS unit for the purposes of registering the Survey Plat Map theme to the other project themes.  The 2-D points were differentially corrected using Pathfinder Office and output in shapefile format.  Using the standard deviation scores determined in Pathfinder Office, the real-world coordinates for the two most accurate points were applied to the MLBS Topographic Survey AutoCAD drawing with an ArcView worldfile.
    Additional Files: mlbs/readme/exp1130a.txt, mlbs/readme/cor1130a.txt

    GPS Points

    File Name: gpsfix1.shp, gpsfix2.shp, gpsfix3.shp, gpsfix4.shp
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type: point
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History: Five Microsoft Excel documents listing GPS'd feature coordinates were received via email from Eric S. Nagy, Associate Director for the Mountain Lake Biological Station.  For mapping purposes, the latitude/longitude coordinates were converted to decimal degrees and placed in a new field within the Excel documents.  The tables were saved as space delimited text files, then imported into ArcView with the Project-Add-Table menu.  The points were added to a view as four separate themes with the Add-Theme-Event menu.  The themes were converted to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection coordinate system with the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) using the View-Properties-Projection menu.  The projected themes were then converted to Shapefile format.  Information concerning the original reference datum was not available, so it should be noted that displaying the themes with the above projection properties may result in considerable error in feature locations.  Further positional error may be attributed to GPS fixes that are uncorrected for selective availability.
    Additional Files: mlbs/tables/fix1map.xls, mlbs/tables/fix2map.xls, mlbs/tables/fix3map.xls, mlbs/tables/fix4map.xls, mlbs/tables/gpsfix1.xls, mlbs/tables/gpsfix2.xls, mlbs/tables/gpsfix3.xls, mlbs/tables/gpsfix4.xls, mlbs/tables/location.xls

    Hillshade

    File Name: Mlbs_shading, Mlbs_shade16
    Data Type: raster
    File Format: Arc/Info GRID
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: NGVD 1929
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The hillshading map was derived from the depressionless elevation raster using the TNTmips hillshade process with a 45 degree sun azimuth and a 50 degree sun elevation angle.  The hillshading data was exported from TNTmips as both 8-bit and 16-bit unsigned rasters in ERDAS format.  The files were imported into ArcView as image data with the ERDAS Image Support extension, and then converted to Arc/Info GRID format using the Spatial Analyst extension.
    Additional Files: none

    Landcover Classification

    File Name: Mlbs_landcov
    Data Type: raster
    File Format: Arc/Info GRID
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The landcover map was derived from Dave Morton's 1997 Masters thesis data, and was obtained from the digital library at the Virginia Tech Fish & Wildlife Information Exchange.  The ERDAS format land use/landcover raster was imported into TNTmips and clipped with the study area boundary polygon using the TNTmips Extract-by-Vector process. The clipped landcover raster was exported in ERDAS format, imported into ArcView as image data with the ERDAS Image Support extension, and then converted to Arc/Info GRID format using the Spatial Analyst extension.
    Additional Files: none

    Landsat TM Scene

    File Name:  Mlbs_landsat.lan
    Data Type: raster
    File Format: ERDAS
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The 30m resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) six-band composite image was obtained from the digital library at the Virginia Tech Fish & Wildlife Information Exchange.  The ERDAS format file was imported into TNTmips and all six bands were clipped with the study area boundary polygon using the TNTmips Extract-by-Vector process.  The clipped six-band composite image was exported in ERDAS format, then imported into ArcView as image data using the IMAGINE Image Support extension.
    Additional Files: none

    MLBS Topographic Survey

    File Name: Mlbsstru.dwg
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type: annotation, point, line, polygon
    File Format: AutoCAD Drawing
    Projection: none
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: none
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The AutoCAD Drawing format file was received via email from Eric S. Nagy, Associate Director for the Mountain Lake Biological Station. The drawings were imported into ArcView as four separate layers using the CAD Reader extension. The annotation, point, line, and polygon layers were transformed from a cartesian coordinate system to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system using the two-point method.  Corresponding point features within the AutoCAD Drawing and the Ground Control Points theme were selected for the coordinate shift, and their locations in both cartesian coordinates and UTM coordinates were determined by moving the cursor over each of the points and reading the x,y location displayed on the ArcView menu bar.  The x,y coordinates were placed in a worldfile and the transformation is applied automatically by ArcView when displaying the Survey Plat Map view.   This transformation only rescales feature positions between these two ground control points, and is not a rubber-sheet method of georeferencing.  The CAD layers remain unprojected, but earth curvature should be insignificant over the short distance covered by this large-scale drawing. It should be noted that at selected drawing scales, there will not be a spatial match between the CAD drawing and the other project themes, which have been mapped at smaller scales and projected onto a curved surfaces.
    Additional Files: mlbs/cad/mlbsstru.wld, mlbs/cad/mlbsstru.cor, mlbs/readme/ngs_readme.htm

    Slope

    File Name: Mlbs_slope
    Data Type: raster
    File Format: Arc/Info GRID
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: NGVD 1929
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The slope map was derived from the depressionless elevation raster using the TNTmips Watershed process, then exported as both 8-bit and 16-bit unsigned rasters in ERDAS format.  The files were imported into ArcView as image data with the ERDAS Image Support extension, and then converted to Arc/Info GRID format using the Spatial Analyst extension.
    Additional Files: none

    Study Area Boundary

    File Name: Studyarea_clip.shp
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type: polygon
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History: The study area boundary for the MLBS project was created manually in TNTmips by drawing a bounding rectangle over the depressionless elevation raster . The vector polygon was exported from TNTmips in ArcView shapefile format, and then imported into ArcView and used as a clipping theme for the remaining vector data sets.
    Additional Files: none

    U.S. Census Bureau

    File Name: cty.shp, lan.shp, lnb.shp, lnc.shp, lne.shp, lnh.shp, ltp.shp, pla.shp, str.shp, urb.shp, wat.shp, wbd.shp
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type: point, line, polygon
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The physical features maps were derived from shapefile format 1:100,000 U.S. Census Bureau TIGER/Line95 county data referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) in decimal degrees of latitude/longitude.  Compressed files for Craig, Giles, Montgomery, and Monroe Counties were obtained via modem from the the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.(ESRI) website at http://mapserver.esri.com/adol/tiger, then expanded with WinZip32.  The county data was imported into Arc/Info with the SHAPEARC command, and polygons converted to regions during import were converted back to polygons with the CLEAN and REGIONPOLY commands.  The PROJECT command converted all the coverages to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection coordinate system with referencing to NAD 27 using the the NADCON method in the DATUM subcommand.  The projected coverages were exported in Arc/Info Interchange format, imported into ArcView with the Import71 utility, then clipped with the study area boundary theme and converted to shapefile format with the X-Tools extension.
    Additional Files: mlbs/readme/esri_readme.htm, mlbs/readme/cfcc_readme.txt, mlbs/readme/tiger_metadata.htm

    U.S. Forest Service

    File Name: bl_ogi.shp, bl_roads.shp, bl_trails.shp, fs_bl_own.shp, gwj_admin.shp, gwj_surfown.shp, jf_at.shp, jf_distbound.shp, jf_quads_bl.shp, jf_rdl_bl.shp, jf_wild_bl.shp.
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type:  line, polygon
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The GWJ National Forest themes were derived from Arc/Info coverages produced at 1:24000 scale by Blacksburg Ranger District.  Similar data sets were not available for the adjacent Monongahelia National Forest in West Virginia.  The compressed Arc/Info Interchange format files were transferred via modem from the George Washington and Jefferson National Forest GIS Database at http://svinet2.fs.fed.us/gwjnf/ftp. The files were expanded with WinZip32, then imported into ArcView with the Import71 utility.  The National Forest data was clipped with the study area boundary theme and converted to shapefile format using the X-Tools extension.
    Additional Files: mlbs/readme/fs_metadata..txt, mlbs/readme/dd_admin.txt, mlbs/readme/dd_old.txt, mlbs/readme/dd_rdless.txt, mlbs/readme/dd_rds.txt, mlbs/readme/dd_surfown.txt

    U.S. Geological Survey

    File Name: saltpond_bm.shp
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type:  point
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: NAD 27
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The location for the USGS Salt Pond Benchmark was created as a reference point for the mapped GPS points .  Real-world coordinates for the benchmark were determined from the National Geodetic Survey Database at http://www.ncgs.state.nc.us/scr6.html.  The latitude/longitude referencing to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) was converted to decimal degrees and placed in an ArcView table.  The benchmark point feature was mapped in a view with the Add-Theme-Event menu, projected to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection coordinate system with the View-Properties-Projection menu, then converted to shapefile format.
    Additional Files: mlbs/readme/ngs_readme.htm

    SPOT PN Scene

    File Name: Mlbs_spot.gis
    Data Type: raster
    File Format: ERDAS
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  Two SPOT scenes were needed to cover the MLBS study area.  The 10m resolution SPOT Panchromatic (PN) single-band images were obtained from the digital library at the Virginia Tech Fish & Wildlife Information Exchange. The ERDAS format files were imported into TNTmips and clipped with the study area boundary polygon using the TNTmips Extract-by-Vector process.  The clipped images were combined with the TNTmips Mosaic process and the cubic convolution method of resampling.  The single-band mosaicked image was exported in ERDAS format, then imported into ArcView as image data with the IMAGINE Image Support extension.
    Additional Files: none

    Station Location

    File Name: station.shp
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type: point
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History: The MLBS theme was created as a general reference point for the location of the Mountain Lake Biological Station, and was derived from the Ground Control Points theme by drawing an arbitrary centerpoint for  these  features with the ArcView View-New Theme menu.
    Additonal Files: none
     
    Streamnet
    File Name:  strmnet.shp
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type: line
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The stream network map was derived from the depressionless elevation raster in Arc/Info GRID using the output grid from the FLOWDIR function as input to the STREAMNET function.  The stream network grid was converted to a polygon coverage in Arc/Info with the ArcTools GRID-to-ARC menu, then converted to shapefile format within ArcView.
    Additional Files:  mlbs/grids/mlbs_strmnet
     
    Watershed
    File Name:  watershed.shp
    Data Type: vector
    Feature Type: polygon
    File Format: ArcView Shapefile
    Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
    Horizontal Datum: NAD 27
    Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
    Vertical Datum: none
    Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
    Units: meters
    History:  The watershed map was derived in a series of steps from the depressionless elevation raster in Arc/Info GRID using the output grids from the FLOWDIR, FLOWACC, STREAMNET, LINKS functions as input for the WATERSHED function. The watersheds grid was converted to a polygon coverage with the GRIDPOLY command, then converted to shapefile format within ArcView.
    Additional Files: mlbs/grids/mlbs_flowdir, mlbs/grids/mlbs_flowacc, mlbs/grids/mlbs_strmnet, mlbs/grids/mlbs_links, mlbs/grids/mlbs_wtrshed